he cleared everything out of the room

1) (to get rid of: He cleared the rubbish out of the attic.) tirar

2) (to make tidy by emptying etc: He has cleared out the attic.) vaciar

• escampar v.

• escombrar v.

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<cupboard/drawer\>\> vaciar* y ordenar

2) v + adv ( leave) (colloq) largarse* (fam)

VT + ADV [+ room] ordenar y tirar los trastos de; [+ cupboard] vaciar; [+ objects] quitar

VI + ADV = clear off 2.

* * *

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<cupboard/drawer\>\> vaciar* y ordenar

2) v + adv ( leave) (colloq) largarse* (fam)

clear [klɪə^r]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. noun

3. adverb

4. transitive verb

5. intransitive verb

6. compounds

7. Phrasal Verbs

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

   a. [fact, sound, weather] clair ; [commitment] évident ; [mind, thinking] lucide

• on a clear day par temps clair

• you'll do as I say, is that clear? tu vas faire ce que je te dis, c'est clair ?

• it was clear that... il était clair que...

• it's not clear whether... on ne sait pas avec certitude si...

• it became clear that... il était de plus en plus clair que...

• it became clear to me that... il m'est apparu clairement que...

• there are two clear alternatives il y a deux solutions bien distinctes

• a clear case of homicide un cas évident d'homicide

• clear indication signe m manifeste

► to be clear [person]

if you're not clear about anything, ask me s'il y a quelque chose qui ne vous paraît pas clair, dites-le-moi

• he is not quite clear about what he has to do il n'a pas bien compris ce qu'il doit faire

• I want to be quite clear on this point je veux que les choses soient bien claires

• I'm not clear whether you agree or not je ne suis pas sûr de comprendre si vous êtes d'accord ou pas► to get sth clear bien comprendre qch

• now let's get this clear... maintenant, que les choses soient bien claires...► to make sth clear bien faire comprendre qch

• to make it clear that... bien faire comprendre que...

• I wish to make it clear that... je tiens à préciser que...► to make o.s. clear se faire bien comprendre

• do I make myself clear? me suis-je bien fait comprendre ?

   b. ( = distinct) [picture, voice, majority] net

   c. ( = transparent) transparent ; [honey] liquide ; [water] clair ; [air] limpide

• clear soup bouillon m

   d. ( = bright) [light, colour] vif ; [eyes] clair ; [sky] dégagé

   e. ( = unobstructed) [road, space] libre ; [area, view] dégagé

• all exits must be kept clear toutes les sorties doivent rester dégagées

   f. ( = unsullied) [skin] net ; [complexion] clair ; [conscience] tranquille

• my conscience is clear j'ai la conscience tranquille

   g. ( = free) [afternoon, morning] libre

• keep your diary clear ne prenez pas de rendez-vous

   h. [day, week] plein

• that gives us four clear days to finish the job ça nous donne quatre jours pleins pour finir le travail

   i. ( = after deductions) net inv

• a clear profit un bénéfice net

   j. ► to be clear of ( = free of)

raise the jack until the wheel is clear of the ground actionnez le cric jusqu'à ce que la roue ne touche plus le sol

• to be 7 metres/seconds/points clear of sb (British = ahead of) avoir 7 mètres/secondes/points d'avance sur qn► to get clear of sth ( = go away from) s'éloigner de qch ; ( = rid o.s. of) se débarrasser de qch

2. noun

► to be in the clear (inf) ( = no longer suspected) être lavé de tout soupçon ; ( = out of danger) être hors de danger

3. adverb

   a. ( = completely) the thief got clear away le voleur s'est enfui sans encombre

   b. ( = net) net

• he'll get £250 clear il aura 250 livres net

4. transitive verb

   a. ( = make clearer) [+ skin] purifier ; [+ complexion] éclaircir

• to clear the air détendre l'atmosphère

• to clear one's head s'éclaircir les idées

   b. ( = remove obstacles from) dégager ; [+ land] défricher

• they've cleared the beach of rubbish ils ont nettoyé la plage

• to clear one's throat s'éclaircir la voix

• to clear a room (of people) faire évacuer une salle ; (of things) débarrasser une pièce

• to clear a path through se frayer un passage à travers

• to clear the way for further discussions préparer le terrain pour des négociations ultérieures

• to clear the ball dégager le ballon

   c. ( = find innocent) innocenter

• he was cleared of the murder charge il a été reconnu non coupable du meurtre

• to clear sb of suspicion laver qn de tout soupçon

   d. ( = authorize) you will have to be cleared by our security department il faudra que nos services de sécurité vous donnent leur feu vert

► to clear sth with sb demander à qn l'autorisation de faire qch

• you must clear the project with the manager il faut que le directeur donne le feu vert à votre projet

   e. ( = get past or over) franchir

• the horse cleared the gate by 10cm le cheval a sauté la barrière avec 10 cm de marge

• to clear customs passer la douane

• raise the car till the wheel clears the ground soulevez la voiture jusqu'à ce que la roue ne touche plus le sol

   f. [+ cheque] compenser ; [+ account] solder ; [+ debt] s'acquitter de

• "half price to clear" « liquidation: soldé à moitié prix »

5. intransitive verb

[weather] s'éclaircir ; [sky] se dégager ; [fog] se dissiper ; [face, expression] s'éclairer

6. compounds

► clear-cut adjective précis ; [case, example] évident

► clear-headed adjective lucide

► clear-out noun rangement m complet

► clear-sighted adjective [person] perspicace ; [plan] réaliste

► clear-up rate noun

• the clear-up rate for crime la proportion des affaires criminelles résolues

7. Phrasal Verbs

► clear away

1. intransitive verb

   a. [mist] se dissiper

   b. ( = clear the table) débarrasser

2. separable transitive verb

• to clear away the dishes débarrasser (la table)► clear off (inf) intransitive verb filer (inf)

• clear off! fichez le camp ! (inf)► clear out

1. intransitive verb

(inf) = clear off

2. separable transitive verb

[+ cupboard] vider ; [+ room] débarrasser ; [+ unwanted objects] enlever, jeter

• he cleared everything out of the room il a complètement vidé la pièce► clear up

1. intransitive verb

   a. [weather] s'éclaircir

   b. [spots] disparaître

• his skin has cleared up sa peau est devenue nette

• how's your cold? -- it's cleared up now et ton rhume ? -- c'est fini

2. separable transitive verb

   a. [+ mystery, problem] résoudre

   b. ( = tidy) ranger

* * *

1) ( transparent) [glass, liquid] transparent; [blue] limpide; [lens, varnish] incolore

2) ( distinct) [image, outline] net/nette; [writing] lisible; [sound, voice] clair

3) ( comprehensibly plain) [description, instruction] clair

4) ( obvious) [need, sign] évident; [advantage, lead] net/nette; [example] beau/belle (before n); [majority] large (before n)

5) ( not confused) [idea, memory] clair; [plan] précis

6) ( empty) [road, view] dégagé; [table] débarrassé; [space] libre

7) ( not guilty) [conscience] tranquille

8) ( unblemished) [skin] net/nette

9) Medicine [X-ray, scan] normal

10) ( cloudless) [sky] sans nuage; [day, night] clair

11) ( frank) [gaze] franc/franche

12) ( pure) [tone, voice] clair

13) Culinary [honey] liquide

14) ( exempt from)

15) ( free) [day, diary] libre

16) ( whole) [week, day] entier/-ière

17) ( net) [gain, profit] net inv (after n)

adverb ( away from)

transitive verb

1) ( remove) abattre [trees]; arracher [weeds]; enlever [debris, papers, mines]; dégager [snow] (from, off de)

2) ( free from obstruction) déboucher [drains]; dégager [road]; débarrasser [table, surface]; déblayer [site]; défricher [land]

3) ( freshen)

4) ( empty) vider [desk] (of de); débarrasser [room, surface] (of de); évacuer [area, building]

5) ( create) faire [space]

6) ( disperse) dissiper [fog, smoke]; disperser [crowd]

7) ( unblock) dégager [nose]

8) ( eliminate) faire disparaître [dandruff, spots]

9) Computing effacer [screen]

10) ( dispose of) liquider [stock]

11) ( pay off) s'acquitter de [debt]

12) Finance [bank] compenser [cheque]

13) ( free from blame) innocenter [accused] (of de)

14) ( vet) mener une enquête administrative sur [employee]

15) ( officially approve) approuver [request]

16) ( jump over) franchir [hurdle, wall]

17) ( pass through) passer sous [bridge]

1) ( become unclouded) [liquid, sky] s'éclaircir

2) ( disappear) [smoke, fog, cloud] se dissiper

3) ( become pure) [air] se purifier

4) ( go away) [rash] disparaître

5) Finance [cheque] être compensé

•

- clear away

- clear off

- clear out

- clear up

••

clear [klɪə(r)]

transparent ⇒ 1 (a) clair ⇒ 1 (a)-(f) vif ⇒ 1 (c) net ⇒ 1 (d), 1 (h), 1 (l) évident ⇒ 1 (f) certain ⇒ 1 (g) libre ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (k) tranquille ⇒ 1 (j) distinctement ⇒ 2 (a) entièrement ⇒ 2 (c) débarrasser ⇒ 4 (a), 4 (b) clarifier ⇒ 4 (c) autoriser ⇒ 4 (d) innocenter ⇒ 4 (e) franchir ⇒ 4 (f) finir ⇒ 4 (h) s'éclaircir ⇒ 5 (a), 5 (b)

1 adjective

(a) (transparent → glass, plastic) transparent; (→ water) clair, limpide; (→ river) limpide, transparent; (→ air) pur;

∎ clear honey miel m liquide;

∎ clear soup (plain stock) bouillon m; (with meat) consommé m

(b) (cloudless → sky) clair, dégagé; (→ weather) clair, beau (belle);

∎ on a clear day par temps clair;

∎ the sky grew clearer le ciel se dégagea;

∎ as clear as day(light) clair comme le jour ou comme de l'eau de roche

(c) (not dull → colour) vif; (→ light) éclatant, radieux; (untainted → complexion) clair, frais (fraîche);

∎ clear blue bleu vif;

∎ to have (a) clear skin avoir la peau nette

(d) (distinct → outline) net, clair; (→ photograph) net; (→ sound) clair, distinct; (→ voice) clair, argentin;

∎ Television the picture was very clear l'image était très nette;

∎ make sure your writing is clear efforcez-vous d'écrire distinctement ou proprement;

∎ the lyrics are not very clear je ne distingue pas très bien les paroles de la chanson;

∎ the sound was as clear as a bell on entendait un son aussi clair que celui d'une cloche

(e) (not confused → mind) pénétrant, lucide; (→ thinking, argument, style) clair; (→ explanation, report) clair, intelligible; (→ instructions) clair, explicite; (→ message) en clair;

∎ I want to keep a clear head je veux rester lucide ou garder tous mes esprits;

∎ a clear thinker un esprit lucide;

∎ clear thinking is essential il est essentiel de garder un esprit lucide;

∎ he is quite clear about what has to be done il sait parfaitement ce qu'il y a à faire;

∎ I've got the problem clear in my head je comprends ou saisis le problème;

∎ to make one's meaning or oneself clear se faire comprendre;

∎ now let's get this clear - I want no nonsense comprenons-nous bien ou soyons clairs - je ne supporterai pas de sottises

(f) (obvious, unmistakable) évident, clair;

∎ a clear indication of a forthcoming storm un signe certain qu'il va y avoir de l'orage;

∎ it is a clear case of favouritism c'est manifestement du favoritisme, c'est un cas de favoritisme manifeste;

∎ it's clear that he's lying il est évident ou clair qu'il ment;

∎ it's clear from her letter that she's unhappy sa lettre montre clairement qu'elle est malheureuse;

∎ it becomes clearer every day cela devient plus évident chaque jour;

∎ it's far from clear who will win the election on ne peut vraiment pas dire qui va gagner les élections;

∎ it was not clear who had won on ne savait pas exactement qui avait gagné;

∎ it is clear to me that he is telling the truth pour moi, il est clair qu'il dit la vérité;

∎ he was unable to make his meaning clear il n'arrivait pas à s'expliquer;

∎ we want to make it clear that… nous tenons à préciser que…;

∎ to make it clear to sb that… bien faire comprendre à qn que…;

∎ she made it quite clear to them what she wanted elle leur a bien fait comprendre ce qu'elle voulait;

∎ it is important to make clear exactly what our aims are il est important de bien préciser quels sont nos objectifs;

∎ is that clear? est-ce que c'est clair?;

∎ do I make myself clear? est-ce que je me fais bien comprendre?, est-ce que c'est bien clair?;

∎ humorous as clear as mud clair comme l'encre

(g) (free from doubt, certain) certain;

∎ she seems quite clear about what she wants elle sait très bien ce qu'elle veut;

∎ I want to be clear in my mind about it je veux en avoir le cœur net

(h) (unqualified) net, sensible;

∎ it's a clear improvement over the other c'est nettement mieux que l'autre, il y a un net progrès par rapport à l'autre;

∎ they won by a clear majority ils ont gagné avec une large majorité

(i) (unobstructed, free → floor, path) libre, dégagé; (→ route) sans obstacles, sans danger; (→ view) dégagé;

∎ the roads are clear of snow les routes sont déblayées ou déneigées;

∎ clear of obstacles sans obstacles;

∎ I left the desk clear j'ai débarrassé le bureau;

∎ his latest X-rays are clear ses dernières radios ne montrent rien d'anormal;

∎ clear space espace m libre;

∎ we had a clear view of the sea nous avions une très belle vue sur la mer;

∎ to be clear of sth être débarrassé de qch;

∎ we're clear of the traffic nous sommes sortis des encombrements;

∎ we were clear of the last checkpoint nous avions passé le dernier poste de contrôle;

∎ once the plane was clear of the trees une fois que l'avion eut franchi les arbres;

∎ to be clear of debts être libre de dettes;

∎ figurative can you see your way clear to lending me £5? auriez-vous la possibilité de me prêter 5 livres?;

∎ all clear! (there's no traffic, no one is watching) vous pouvez y aller, la voie est libre; Military fin d'alerte!

(j) (free from guilt → conscience) tranquille;

∎ is your conscience clear? as-tu la conscience tranquille?;

∎ I can go home with a clear conscience je peux rentrer la conscience tranquille

(k) (time) libre;

∎ his schedule is clear il n'a rien de prévu sur son emploi du temps;

∎ I have Wednesday clear je n'ai rien de prévu pour mercredi;

∎ we have four clear days to finish nous avons quatre jours pleins ou entiers pour finir

(l) (net → money, wages) net;

∎ he brings home £300 clear il gagne 300 livres net;

∎ a clear profit un bénéfice net;

∎ a clear loss une perte sèche;

∎ clear of taxes net d'impôts

(m) Linguistics antérieur

2 adverb

(a) (distinctly) distinctement, nettement;

∎ Radio reading you loud and clear je te reçois cinq sur cinq;

∎ I can hear you as clear as a bell je t'entends très clairement

(b) (away from, out of the way)

∎ to get clear of sb échapper à qn;

∎ when we got clear of the town quand nous nous sommes éloignés de la ville;

∎ when I get clear of my debts quand je serai débarrassé de mes dettes;

∎ we pulled him clear of the wrecked car/of the water nous l'avons sorti de la carcasse de la voiture/de l'eau;

∎ she was thrown clear of the car elle a été éjectée de la voiture;

∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;

∎ stand clear of the entrance! dégagez l'entrée!;

∎ stand clear of the doors! attention à la fermeture automatique des portes!;

∎ to keep or steer clear of sth éviter qch;

∎ Nautical to steer clear of a rock passer au large d'un écueil

(c) (all the way) entièrement, complètement;

∎ you can see clear to the mountain on peut voir jusqu'à la montagne;

∎ they went clear around the world ils ont fait le tour du monde;

∎ the thieves got clear away les voleurs ont disparu sans laisser de trace

3 noun

∎ (idiom) to be in the clear (out of danger) être hors de danger; (out of trouble) être tiré d'affaire; (free of blame) être blanc comme neige; (above suspicion) être au-dessus de tout soupçon; (no longer suspected) être blanchi (de tout soupçon); Sport être démarqué

4 transitive verb

(a) (remove → object) débarrasser, enlever; (→ obstacle) écarter; (→ weeds) arracher, enlever;

∎ clear the papers off the desk enlevez ces papiers du bureau, débarrassez le bureau de ces papiers;

∎ she cleared the plates from the table elle a débarrassé la table

(b) (remove obstruction from → gen) débarrasser; (→ entrance, road) dégager, déblayer; (→ forest, land) défricher; (→ streets, room) faire évacuer; (→ pipe) déboucher;

∎ it's your turn to clear the table c'est à ton tour de débarrasser la table ou de desservir;

∎ to clear one's desk (tidy) débarrasser son bureau; (complete pending tasks) régler les affaires en suspens;

∎ to clear one's throat se racler la gorge;

∎ this land has been cleared of trees ce terrain a été déboisé;

∎ clear the room! évacuez la salle!;

∎ the judge cleared the court le juge a fait évacuer la salle;

∎ the police cleared the way for the procession la police a ouvert un passage au cortège;

∎ figurative the talks cleared the way for a ceasefire les pourparlers ont préparé le terrain ou ont ouvert la voie pour un cessez-le-feu;

∎ also figurative to clear the ground déblayer le terrain;

∎ to clear the decks (prepare for action) se mettre en branle-bas de combat; (make space) faire de la place, faire le ménage

(c) (clarify → liquid) clarifier; (→ wine) coller, clarifier; (→ skin) purifier; (→ complexion) éclaircir;

∎ open the windows to clear the air ouvrez les fenêtres pour aérer;

∎ figurative his apology cleared the air ses excuses ont détendu l'atmosphère;

∎ I went for a walk to clear my head (from hangover) j'ai fait un tour pour m'éclaircir les idées; (from confusion) j'ai fait un tour pour me rafraîchir les idées ou pour me remettre les idées en place

(d) (authorize) autoriser, approuver;

∎ the plane was cleared for take-off l'avion a reçu l'autorisation de décoller;

∎ the editor cleared the article for publication le rédacteur en chef a donné son accord ou le feu vert pour publier l'article;

∎ the investigators cleared him for top secret work après enquête, il a été autorisé à mener des activités top secret;

∎ you'll have to clear it with the boss il faut demander l'autorisation ou l'accord ou le feu vert du patron

(e) (vindicate, find innocent) innocenter, disculper;

∎ to clear sb of a charge disculper qn d'une accusation;

∎ he was cleared of having been drunk in charge of a ship accusé d'avoir tenu les commandes (d'un navire) en état d'ivresse, il a été disculpé;

∎ the court cleared him of all blame la cour l'a totalement disculpé ou innocenté;

∎ give him a chance to clear himself donnez-lui la possibilité de se justifier ou de prouver son innocence;

∎ to clear one's name se justifier, défendre son honneur

(f) (avoid touching) franchir; (obstacle) éviter;

∎ to clear a ditch sauter ou franchir un fossé;

∎ the horse cleared the fence with ease le cheval a sauté sans peine par-dessus ou a franchi sans peine la barrière;

∎ the plane barely cleared the trees l'avion a franchi les arbres de justesse;

∎ hang the curtains so that they just clear the floor accrochez les rideaux de façon à ce qu'ils touchent à peine le parquet

(g) (make a profit of)

∎ she cleared 10 percent on the deal l'affaire lui a rapporté 10 pour cent net ou 10 pour cent tous frais payés;

∎ I clear a thousand pounds monthly je fais un bénéfice net de mille livres par mois

(h) (dispatch → work) finir, terminer; Commerce (→ stock) liquider;

∎ he cleared the backlog of work il a rattrapé le travail en retard;

∎ we must clear this report by Friday il faut que nous nous débarrassions de ce rapport avant vendredi

(i) (settle → account) liquider, solder; (→ cheque) compenser; (→ debt) s'acquitter de; (→ dues) acquitter

(j) (of customs officer → goods) dédouaner; (→ ship) expédier

(k) (pass through)

∎ to clear customs (person) passer la douane; (shipment) être dédouané;

∎ the bill cleared the Senate le projet de loi a été voté par le Sénat

(l) Medicine (blood) dépurer, purifier; (bowels) purger, dégager

(m) Sport

∎ to clear the ball dégager le ballon

(n) Technology (decode) déchiffrer

(o) Computing

∎ to clear the screen vider l'écran

5 intransitive verb

(a) (weather) s'éclaircir, se lever; (sky) se dégager; (fog) se lever, se dissiper;

∎ it's clearing le temps se lève, le ciel se dégage

(b) (liquid) s'éclaircir; (skin) devenir plus sain; (complexion) s'éclaircir; (expression) s'éclairer;

∎ her face cleared son visage s'est éclairé

(c) (cheque) être encaissé;

∎ it takes three days for the cheque to clear il y a trois jours de délai d'encaissement

(d) (obtain clearance) recevoir l'autorisation

➲ clear away

1 separable transitive verb

(remove) enlever, ôter; (one's things) ranger;

∎ we cleared away the dishes nous avons débarrassé (la table) ou desservi

2 intransitive verb

(a) (tidy up) débarrasser, desservir

(b) (disappear → fog, mist) se dissiper

➲ clear off

1 intransitive verb

familiar filer;

∎ clear off! dégage!, fiche le camp!

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (get rid of → debt) s'acquitter de; Commerce (→ stock) liquider

(b) (remove) retirer, enlever

➲ clear out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (tidy) nettoyer, ranger; (empty → cupboard) vider; (→ room) débarrasser

(b) (throw out → rubbish, old clothes) jeter;

∎ he cleared everything out of the house il a fait le vide dans la maison;

∎ to clear everyone out of a room faire évacuer une pièce

(c) familiar (leave without money) nettoyer, plumer;

∎ that last game cleared me out je me suis fait plumer dans cette dernière partie;

∎ I'm cleared out je suis fauché ou à sec

(d) familiar (goods, stock) épuiser

2 intransitive verb

familiar (leave building, room etc) filer, déguerpir; (leave home → spouse, partner) se tirer;

∎ he was clearing out when I arrived il faisait ses valises quand je suis arrivé;

∎ he told us to clear out il nous a ordonné de disparaître;

∎ clear out (of here)! dégage!, fiche le camp!

➲ clear up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (settle → problem) résoudre; (→ misunderstanding) dissiper; (→ mystery) éclaircir, résoudre;

∎ can you clear up this point? pouvez-vous éclaircir ce point?;

∎ let's clear this matter up tirons cette affaire au clair

(b) (tidy up) ranger, faire du rangement dans;

∎ clear up that mess in the garden, will you? range-moi ce fouillis dans le jardin, d'accord?;

∎ I have a lot of work to clear up j'ai beaucoup de travail à rattraper

2 intransitive verb

(a) (weather) s'éclaircir, se lever; (fog, mist) se dissiper, se lever;

∎ it's clearing up le temps se lève

(b) (spots, rash) disparaître;

∎ his cold is clearing up son rhume tire à sa fin

(c) (tidy up) ranger, faire le ménage;

∎ I'm fed up with clearing up after you j'en ai assez de faire le ménage derrière toi

1 to arrange, to put in order (poner en orden) (alfabéticamente, numéricamente).

2 to order.

Le ordené ir I ordered him to go

Ordené la habitación I straightened up the room.

La maestra ordenó silencio The teacher ordered silence.

3 to ordain (religion).

4 to order. ( Latin American Spanish)

5 to sort, to classify in a given order, to order.

Ordené mis papeles I sorted my papers.

6 to ordain as.

Ricardo ordenó a Manolo sacerdote Richard ordained Manolo as priest.

7 to be ordered to, to be told to, to receive orders to.

Se me ordenó matar I was ordered to kill.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (arreglar) to put in order; (habitación) to tidy up

■ ordenó a los alumnos en filas she lined up the students

■ los libros estaban ordenados por materias the books were classified by subject matter

2 (mandar) to order

■ me ordenó que saliera de la habitación he ordered me to leave the room

3 RELIGIÓN to ordain

4 (encaminar) to direct

\

ordenar las ideas figurado to collect one's thoughts

* * *

1) to order

2) arrange

* * *

1. VT

1) (=poner en orden) [siguiendo un sistema] to arrange; [colocando en su sitio] to tidy; (Inform) to sort

2) (=mandar) to order

3) (Rel) to ordain

ordenarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <habitación/armario> to straighten (up) (AmE), to tidy (up) (BrE)

2)

a) ( dar una orden) to order

b) (AmL) (en bar, restaurante) to order

3) < sacerdote> to ordain

ordenarse v pron to be ordained

* * *

= arrange, collate, instruct, order, rank, sort, sort out, grade, enjoin, finger-snapping, sort into + order, range, file, ordain, create + order, put in + order, clear out.

Ex. A catalogue is a list of the materials or items in a library, with the entries representing the items arranged in some systematic order.

Ex. Contents page bulletins which comprise copies of contents pages of periodicals collated and dispatched to users are also reliant upon titles.

Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex. Also, title entries were ordered by grammatical arrangement, rather than in natural word order.

Ex. For example, search software offers the ability to rank the retrieved material according to its relative significance.

Ex. During the construction of a thesaurus, the computer can be enlisted to sort, merge, edit and compare terms.

Ex. Some schools favor subject arrangement, other group together everything by publisher, and others sort everything out according to a theme.

Ex. This had the advantage that the relevance judgments had already been made, and were graded into three levels: High relevance, Low relevance, No relevance.

Ex. Heightened interest in the nation's founding and in the intentions of the founders enjoins law librarians to provide reference service for research in the history of the constitutional period.

Ex. The stereotype of the decision-maker as a person who does nothig but finger-snapping and button-pushing fades with systematic research and analysis.

Ex. Sort packages are designed to sort a specified file of records into order according to a particular field or key.

Ex. Serials can be ranged in the order of the access number, i.e. in the order of their arrival, without distinction as to their size or contents.

Ex. Numbers expressed in digits file before alphabetic characters, so it may be necessary to look in two different places for, say, a date -- 1984 will not file in the same place as ninenteen eighty four.

Ex. Born in Amite County, Mississippi in 1924, Will Campbell was ordained as a Baptist minister at the young age of seventeen.

Ex. The information rich are similarly paralyzed because of their inability to create order from all the information washing over them.

Ex. The archives of Magdalen College were put in order and abstracts prepared in the 15th century.

Ex. Pockets of resistance still remain in Fallujah, but the vast majority of insurgents have been cleared out.

----

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* ordenar alfabéticamente = arrange + in alphabetical order.

* ordenar alfabéticamente palabra por palabra = arrange + alphabetically word by word.

* ordenar los documentos recuperados en orden de pertinencia = rank + document output, rank + documents.

* ordenar mal = misfile.

* ordenar por = file + in order of.

* ordenar por número curren = arrange by + accession number.

* ordenar por orden de importancia = rank + in order.

* ordenarse a uno mismo = self-ordained.

* sin ordenar = unordered, unsorted.

* volver a ordenar = resort.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <habitación/armario> to straighten (up) (AmE), to tidy (up) (BrE)

2)

a) ( dar una orden) to order

b) (AmL) (en bar, restaurante) to order

3) < sacerdote> to ordain

ordenarse v pron to be ordained

* * *

* * *

ordenar [A1 ]

A ‹habitación/armario/cajón› to straighten (up) ( AmE), to tidy (up) ( BrE)

hay que ordenar los libros por materias the books have to be arranged according to subject

ordena estas fichas sort out these cards, put these cards in order

1 (dar una orden) to order

la policía ordenó el cierre del local the police ordered the closure of the establishment o ordered the establishment to be closed

el médico le ordenó reposo absoluto the doctor ordered him to have complete rest

le ordenó salir inmediatamente de la oficina she ordered him to leave the office immediately

me ordenó que guardara silencio he ordered me to keep quiet

2 ( AmL) (en un bar, restaurante) to order

ordenar un taxi to call a taxi

C ‹sacerdote› to ordain

to be ordained

se ordenó sacerdote he was ordained a priest

* * *

◊ ordené los libros por materias I arranged the books according to subject

a) ( dar una orden) to order;

◊ le ordenó salir de la oficina she ordered him to leave the office

b) (AmL) ( pedir) ‹taxi/bebida/postre› to order

* * *

♦ vt

1. [poner en orden] [alfabéticamente, numéricamente] to arrange, to put in order;

ordenar alfabéticamente to put in alphabetical order;

ordenar en montones to sort into piles;

ordenar por temas to arrange by subject

2. Informát to sort

3. [mandar] to order;

te ordeno que te vayas I order you to go;

me ordenó callarme he ordered me to be quiet

4. Rel to ordain

5. Am [pedir] to order;

acabamos de ordenar el desayuno we've just ordered breakfast

♦ vi

1. [mandar] to give orders;

(yo) ordeno y mando: Ana es de las de (yo) ordeno y mando Ana's the sort of person who likes telling everybody what to do

2. Am [pedir] to order;

¿ya eligieron?, ¿quieren ordenar? are you ready to order?

♦ See also the pronominal verb ordenarse

* * *

1 habitación tidy up

2 alfabéticamente arrange; INFOR sort

3 ( mandar) order

4 L.Am. ( pedir) order

* * *

ordenar vt

1) mandar: to order, to command

2) arreglar: to put in order, to arrange

3) : to ordain (a priest)

* * *

ordenar vb

1. (colocar por orden) to arrange / to put in order [pt. & pp. put]

2. (recoger) to tidy [pt. & pp. tidied]

3. (mandar) to order

1 to arrange, to put in order (poner en orden) (alfabéticamente, numéricamente).

2 to order.

Le ordené ir I ordered him to go

Ordené la habitación I straightened up the room.

La maestra ordenó silencio The teacher ordered silence.

3 to ordain (religion).

4 to order. ( Latin American Spanish)

5 to sort, to classify in a given order, to order.

Ordené mis papeles I sorted my papers.

6 to ordain as.

Ricardo ordenó a Manolo sacerdote Richard ordained Manolo as priest.

7 to be ordered to, to be told to, to receive orders to.

Se me ordenó matar I was ordered to kill.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (arreglar) to put in order; (habitación) to tidy up

■ ordenó a los alumnos en filas she lined up the students

■ los libros estaban ordenados por materias the books were classified by subject matter

2 (mandar) to order

■ me ordenó que saliera de la habitación he ordered me to leave the room

3 RELIGIÓN to ordain

4 (encaminar) to direct

\

ordenar las ideas figurado to collect one's thoughts

* * *

1) to order

2) arrange

* * *

1. VT

1) (=poner en orden) [siguiendo un sistema] to arrange; [colocando en su sitio] to tidy; (Inform) to sort

2) (=mandar) to order

3) (Rel) to ordain

ordenarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <habitación/armario> to straighten (up) (AmE), to tidy (up) (BrE)

2)

a) ( dar una orden) to order

b) (AmL) (en bar, restaurante) to order

3) < sacerdote> to ordain

ordenarse v pron to be ordained

* * *

= milk.

Ex. Results showed that the first colostrum of ewes milked one hour postpartum had significantly more protein than that of nanny-goats.

----

* no vendas la leche antes de ordeñar la vaca = don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

* ordeñar una vaca = milk + a cow.

* sala de ordeñar = milking parlour.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <habitación/armario> to straighten (up) (AmE), to tidy (up) (BrE)

2)

a) ( dar una orden) to order

b) (AmL) (en bar, restaurante) to order

3) < sacerdote> to ordain

ordenarse v pron to be ordained

* * *

* * *

ordenar [A1 ]

A ‹habitación/armario/cajón› to straighten (up) ( AmE), to tidy (up) ( BrE)

hay que ordenar los libros por materias the books have to be arranged according to subject

ordena estas fichas sort out these cards, put these cards in order

1 (dar una orden) to order

la policía ordenó el cierre del local the police ordered the closure of the establishment o ordered the establishment to be closed

el médico le ordenó reposo absoluto the doctor ordered him to have complete rest

le ordenó salir inmediatamente de la oficina she ordered him to leave the office immediately

me ordenó que guardara silencio he ordered me to keep quiet

2 ( AmL) (en un bar, restaurante) to order

ordenar un taxi to call a taxi

C ‹sacerdote› to ordain

to be ordained

se ordenó sacerdote he was ordained a priest

* * *

◊ ordené los libros por materias I arranged the books according to subject

a) ( dar una orden) to order;

◊ le ordenó salir de la oficina she ordered him to leave the office

b) (AmL) ( pedir) ‹taxi/bebida/postre› to order

* * *

♦ vt

1. [poner en orden] [alfabéticamente, numéricamente] to arrange, to put in order;

ordenar alfabéticamente to put in alphabetical order;

ordenar en montones to sort into piles;

ordenar por temas to arrange by subject

2. Informát to sort

3. [mandar] to order;

te ordeno que te vayas I order you to go;

me ordenó callarme he ordered me to be quiet

4. Rel to ordain

5. Am [pedir] to order;

acabamos de ordenar el desayuno we've just ordered breakfast

♦ vi

1. [mandar] to give orders;

(yo) ordeno y mando: Ana es de las de (yo) ordeno y mando Ana's the sort of person who likes telling everybody what to do

2. Am [pedir] to order;

¿ya eligieron?, ¿quieren ordenar? are you ready to order?

♦ See also the pronominal verb ordenarse

* * *

1 habitación tidy up

2 alfabéticamente arrange; INFOR sort

3 ( mandar) order

4 L.Am. ( pedir) order

* * *

ordenar vt

1) mandar: to order, to command

2) arreglar: to put in order, to arrange

3) : to ordain (a priest)

* * *

ordenar vb

1. (colocar por orden) to arrange / to put in order [pt. & pp. put]

2. (recoger) to tidy [pt. & pp. tidied]

3. (mandar) to order

* * *

I. with dat.

1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);

fyrir dyrum, before the door;

2) before one, in one’s presence;

hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;

3) for;

hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;

4) before one, in one’s way;

fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;

sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;

5) naut. term. before, off;

liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;

fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;

6) before, at the head of, over;

vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;

vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;

sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;

7) of time, ago;

fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;

fyrir stundu, a while ago;

fyrir löngu, long ago;

vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);

8) before, above, superior to;

Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;

9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;

þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;

tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;

10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;

mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;

varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;

Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;

11) because of, for;

hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;

fyrir hræðslu, for fear;

illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;

gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;

fyrir því at, because, since, as;

12) against;

gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;

beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;

13) fyrir sér, of oneself;

mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;

minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;

14) denoting manner or quality, with;

hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;

II. with acc.

1) before, in front of;

halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;

2) before, into the presence of;

stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;

3) over;

hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;

kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;

4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;

ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;

5) round, off;

sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;

6) along, all along;

fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;

draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;

7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;

fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;

8) for, on behalf of;

vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;

lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;

9) for, for the benefit of;

þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);

10) for, instead of, in place of, as;

11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);

fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);

fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;

12) denoting value, price;

fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;

fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;

13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);

14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);

fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;

fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;

fyrir handan á, beyond the river;

fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;

III. as adverb or ellipt.

1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;

þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;

2) first;

mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;

3) at hand, present, to the fore;

föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;

þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);

4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;

Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;

e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).

* * *

prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]

WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.

2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.

3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.

II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.

2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).

3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.

4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.

III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.

IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.

V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.

B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.

2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.

C. METAPH.:

I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.

II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).

2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.

III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.

2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.

IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.

V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.

2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.

β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.

VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.

VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.

2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.

VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).

β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.

IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.

X. as adverb or ellipt.,

1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.

β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.

2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.

3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.

XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.

XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.

WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.

2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.

3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.

4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).

II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.

III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.

2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.

IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.

B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.

C. METAPH.:

I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.

II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.

III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.

IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.

V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.

VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.

2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.

2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.

VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.

IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.

X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.

2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.

XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.

☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:

I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.

β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.

2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.

II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:

1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.

2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

1 to unload.

descargó su cólera sobre mí he took his anger out on me

descargó su conciencia en mí he unburdened his conscience on me

Elsa descarga los camiones Elsa unloads the trucks.

El camión descargó The truck unloaded.

2 to fire.

3 to deal, to land.

descargó un golpe contra la mesa he thumped his fist on the table

4 to run down ( electricity and electronics) (pila, batería).

5 to download (computing).

6 to burst.

7 to alleviate, to unburden.

Elsa descargó su tristeza Elsa alleviated her grief.

8 to discharge, to run down.

El gerente descargó a María The mMaríager discharged Mary.

9 to unleash, to loose.

Esa mentira descargó su ira contenida That lie unleashed his repressed anger.

10 to acquit, to exonerate, to release.

El juez descargó a María The judge acquitted Mary.

* * *

Conjugation model [ LLEGAR], like link=llegar llegar

► verbo transitivo

1 (quitar una carga) to unload

2 (disparar una arma) to fire, discharge, shoot; (vaciar una arma) to unload

■ descargaron salvas en su honor they fired a salute in his honour

3 (dar un golpe) to deal

■ le descargó un puñetazo he dealt him a blow

4 figurado (de obligaciones, preocupaciones) to free, relieve, release

■ descargó sus preocupaciones contándole todo a su madre he got everything off his chest by telling his mother all about it

5 figurado (enfado) to vent, give vent to

6 ELECTRICIDAD to discharge (batería) to run down

7 DERECHO to absolve (de, of), acquit (de, of)

► verbo intransitivo

1 ELECTRICIDAD to discharge

2 (tormenta) to break; (nubes) to burst

3 (desembocar) to flow

► verbo pronominal descargarse

1 (pilas, baterías) to discharge

2 (desahogarse) to blow up

3 DERECHO to clear oneself

* * *

1) to discharge

2) unload

* * *

1. VT

1) (=quitar la carga de) [+ camión, contenedor, arma] to unload; [+ mercancías] to unload

2) (=disparar) [+ arma, tiro] to fire

3) (=soltar) [+ golpe] to land; [+ bomba] to drop, release

4) (Elec) [+ pila, batería] to run down; [+ corriente] to discharge

5) (=liberar) [+ tensión, agresividad] to release; [+ enfado, ira] to vent; [+ conciencia] to ease; [+ responsabilidad, sentimiento] to offload

6) euf [+ vientre] to evacuate, empty; [+ vejiga] to empty

7) (Com) [+ letra] to take up

8) (Inform) to download

2. VI

1) [río] to flow, run (en into)

2) [tormenta] to break

3) (Elec) to discharge

descargarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <vehículo/mercancías> to unload

2)

a) < pistola> ( extraer las balas) to unload; ( disparar) to fire, discharge (frml)

b) < tiro> to fire; < golpe> to deal, land

3)

a) <ira/agresividad> to vent; <preocupaciones/tensiones> to relieve

b) (Ven fam) < persona>

4)

descargarse v pron

1) (Elec) pila to run down; batería to go dead o flat

2) tormenta to break; lluvias to come down, fall

3) persona

a) ( desahogarse)

b) ( de obligación)

* * *

= unload, flush, offload [off-load], download, relieve + Reflexivo.

Ex. The library has a van equipped with an hydraulic lift to unload book trucks.

Ex. The sea swept in across a newly and solidly-built bus stand to come into the river which quickly and conveniently flushed the waters back into the sea.

Ex. Hits retrieved from on-line data bases can be offloaded to the personal data base.

Ex. To download is to capture data online from a remote host computer and transfer it to the store of an in-house standalone system, eg a microcomputer, for processing.

Ex. When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.

----

* descargar de responsabilidad = remove from + shoulders.

* descargar registros = download + records.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <vehículo/mercancías> to unload

2)

a) < pistola> ( extraer las balas) to unload; ( disparar) to fire, discharge (frml)

b) < tiro> to fire; < golpe> to deal, land

3)

a) <ira/agresividad> to vent; <preocupaciones/tensiones> to relieve

b) (Ven fam) < persona>

4)

descargarse v pron

1) (Elec) pila to run down; batería to go dead o flat

2) tormenta to break; lluvias to come down, fall

3) persona

a) ( desahogarse)

b) ( de obligación)

* * *

* * *

descargar [A3 ]

A ‹camión/barco› to unload; ‹mercancías› to unload

1 ‹pistola› (extraer las balas) to unload; (disparar) to fire, discharge ( frml)

la pistola está descargada the pistol is not loaded

descargó la pistola contra el ladrón he fired the gun at the thief

2 ‹tiro› to fire; ‹golpe› to deal, land

le descargó seis tiros he shot at her six times, he fired six shots at her

1 ‹ira/agresividad› to vent; ‹preocupaciones/tensiones› to relieve

un excelente ejercicio para descargar las tensiones an excellent exercise for relieving tension

el judo es una forma de descargar la agresividad judo is a way of getting rid of aggression o ( colloq) letting off steam

descargó toda su furia en or contra or sobre mí he vented all his anger on me, he took all his anger out on me, he unleashed all his anger against me

( Ven fam) ‹persona› me lo voy a descargar I'm going to give him a piece of my mind o ( AmE) give him a tongue lashing ( colloq)

no eres quien para que me descargues who do you think you are, sounding off o ( AmE) mouthing off to me like that? ( colloq)

D descargar a algn DE algo ‹de una responsabilidad› to clear sb OF sth; ‹de una obligación› to relieve sb OF sth

lo descargaron de toda culpa he was cleared of all blame

E ( Inf) to download

descargar una aplicación al or en el computador ( AmL) or ( Esp) ordenador personal to download an application to the personal computer

«nube»: al elevarse las nubes se enfrían y descargan as the clouds rise, they cool and rain is released o falls

to pour down

parece que va a descargar it looks as if it's going to pour down

el temporal que descargó ayer sobre la capital the storm which broke over o hit o struck the capital yesterday

A ( Elec) «pila» to run down; «batería» to go dead o ( BrE) flat

B «tormenta» to break; «lluvias» to come down, fall

se descargó una tormenta sobre la ciudad a storm broke over o hit the city

C «persona»

(desahogarse): no te descargues conmigo, yo no tengo la culpa don't take it out on me, it's not my fault!

2 (de una obligación) descargarse DE algo to get out of sth

se descargó de toda responsabilidad he washed his hands of all responsibility

* * *

a) ‹ pistola› ( extraer las balas) to unload;

◊ la pistola está descargada the pistol is not loaded

b) ‹ tiro› to fire;

* * *

♦ vt

1. [vaciar] [cargamento, camión, barco] to unload;